本文围绕高中英语句法里句子要素的语境、界说、类别和特色伸开，助力高中生掌持句法的要素与用法等。

一、句子要素的语境示例

1.课文纲要 First,I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English,chemistry,world history, and Chinese.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language,but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.

2.句子要素例句

①First,I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.（主-谓-宾）

②The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history and Chinese.（主-谓-宾 -宾补）

③l know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.(主-谓-宾/状)

④My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. （主-谓-宾-状 ）(选悔改高中英语必修一Unit 1)

二、句子要素的界说

句子由各个组成部分组成，这些组成部分就叫作念句子要素 (sentence elements)。

三、句子要素的类别

英语句子要素主要分为7类：

1. 主语 (subject)

2. 谓语 (predicate)

3. 表语 (predicative)

4. 宾语 (object)

5. 定语 (attribute)

6. 状语 (adverbial)

7. 补语 (complement，包含主语补语和宾语补语)

四、句子要素的特色

1. 敬佩句子要素是正确长入句子的前提，遑急结构相似先出现。

2. 惟知名词、代词、动词等有实义的词类可作句子要素，冠词、连词等虚词不能单独作要素。

3. 词、短语、句子均可作句子要素，存在向内层级结构（要素中可嵌套要素，从句中可嵌套从句）。

4. 英语中名词/描摹词跟在连络动词后作表语，组成系表结构（特殊于谓语），汉语无表语想法。

5. 主语和谓语是句子必需部分；宾语、表语、补足语是必要部分；状语、定语为援手部分。

6. 歌咏语、插入语等为句子独处要素，与其他要素无句法谋划。